Following the first period of Sumers rule came the kingdom of Akkad, with its great Semitic monarchs Sargon and Naram-Sin. : , - ' ', - ' '. Jerome, writing c. 390, explains in Hebrew Questions on Genesis that after Nimrod reigned in Babel, "he also reigned in Arach [Erech], that is, in Edissa; and in Achad [Accad], which is now called Nisibis; and in Chalanne [Calneh], which was later called Seleucia after King Seleucus when its name had been changed, and which is now in actual fact called Ctesiphon." Specify between which dates you want to search, and what keywords you are looking for. After the catastrophic failure (through God's will) of that most ambitious endeavour and in the midst of the confusion of tongues, Nimrd the giant moved to the land of Evilt, where his wife, Enh gave birth to twin brothers Hunor and Magyar (aka Magor). 23.) Among the ancient cities of the world, Nineveh is conspicuous for its grandeur. For other uses, see, Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback, Depending on how the text is read, "Calneh" may be the fourth city name in this enumeration, or it may be part of an expression meaning "all of them in Shinar". From the Cyropaedia (Book 7:24) we ascertain that the Syriac was the ordinary language of Babylon. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego - Wikipedia The part in which this appears, the Genesis Rabbah (Chapter 38, 13), is considered to date from the sixth century. 10; Micah v. 5 [A. V. 6]). Stephan. Still elsewhere, he mentions another king Nimrod, son of Canaan, as the one who introduced astrology and attempted to kill Abraham. The Zohar predicts that Nimrod/Nebuchadnezzar will return one last time at the end of days so that he can finally receive his earthly punishment for his cruelty and arrogance. Timeline Search. 9 See Dicaearch. Fudd. Some Muslim commentators assign Nimrod as the king. [29] At this point some commentaries add new narratives like Nimrod bringing forth two men, who were sentenced to death previously. The partial translation follows: Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon am I: In order to complete [the towers] Etemenanki and Eurmeiminanki, I mobilized all countries everywhere the base I filled in to make a high terrace. At a young age, Abraham recognizes God and starts worshipping him. 5 Bk. Nebuchadnezzar's first notable act was the overthrow of . One thing Nebuchadnezzar isn't generally known for, though, is a link with the tower of Babel the attempt by Nimrod to build a tower up to heaven, dashed by God's confounding of the languages (Genesis 11). The first Babylonian king to rule Egypt, he is also famous . Indeed, Abraham's crucial act of leaving Mesopotamia and settling in Canaan is sometimes interpreted as an escape from Nimrod's revenge. [27][28], The Quran states, "Have you not considered him who had an argument with Abraham about his Lord, because God had given him the kingdom (i.e. The son of Cush and therefore a great-grandson of Noah, Nimrod was described as a king in the land of Shinar (Mesopotamia). The learned class gradually acquired the reputation and position of "priests," and thus became astrologers and soothsayers, and "wise men" in their day and generation. [Nimrod] said to him: Worship the wind! Archaeology has shown that Babylons history goes backsurprise, surpriseto c. 2300 b.c.e. Babel; Erech; Accad; Calneh; These places were located in Shinar, the area currently known as Iraq.As we can see on the following map, Shinar is very close to Africa.We should also note that before African territory was renamed . 11. Nothing has been disprovedonly the numerous theories of the critics. [Abraham] said to him: If so, shall I worship the wind, which scatters the clouds? [citation needed], In some versions, Nimrod repents and accepts God, offering numerous sacrifices that God rejects (as with Cain). But these 600 b.c.e. In the year A.C. 650, Nebuchodonosor is found on the throne of Assyria, "a date," says Vaux, "which is determined by the coincidence with the forty-eighth year of Manasseh, and by the fact that his seventeenth year was the last of Phraortes, king of Media, A.C. 634. Gesenius, in his Lectures on Biblical Archaeology, reminds us of their being first tributary to the Assyrians, of their subsequent occupation of the plains of Mesopotamia for some centuries previously to their becoming the conquerors of Asia under successful leaders. Nebuchadnezzar's 'Tower of Babel' - ArmstrongInstitute.org Towering Blunders - Kabbalah teaches how Nimrod was - Chabad He also said he would be revenged on God, if he should have a mind to drown the world again; for that he would build a tower too high for the waters to reach. and he answered: "I am Abraham's!". Real Questions. The much later editors of the Book of Genesis dropped much of the original story and mistakenly misidentified and mistranslated the Mesopotamian Kish with the "Hamitic" Cush, there being no ancient geographical, ethnic, linguistic, cultural, genetic or historical connection between Cush (in modern northern Sudan) and Mesopotamia.[49]. sur les anc. The view of Gesenius in his Lectures at Halle in 1839, quoted in "The Times of Daniel," appears preferable, -- "The Chaldeans had their original seat on the east of the Tigris, south of Armenia, which we now call Koordistan; and, like the Koords in our day, they were warlike mountaineers, without agriculture, shepherds and robbers, and also mercenaries in the Assyrian army; so Xenophon found them." [10] Versions of this story are again picked up in later works such as Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius (7th century AD). According to some modern-day theorists, their placement in the Bible suggests a Babylonian originpossibly inserted during the Babylonian captivity.[9]. The word Chasdim in the Hebrew and Chasdaim in the Chaldee dialects, is clearly the same as the Greek Caldai~oi; and Gesenius supposing the root to have been originally card, refers them to the race inhabiting the mountains called by Xenophon Carduchi. "Nimrod" is spelled: nun-mem-reish-vav-dalet. Nabopolassar (626605 b.c.) Some rabbinic commentators have also connected the name Nimrod with a Hebrew word meaning 'rebel'. What do we know of Nebuchadnezzar's kingdom? - BibleAsk The Christian Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea as early as the early 4th century, noting that the Babylonian historian Berossus in the 3rd century BC had stated that the first king after the flood was Euechoios of Chaldea (in reality Chaldea was a small state historically not founded until the 9th century BC), identified him with Nimrod. Who Was Nebuchadnezzar? - YouTube -- According to the Canon of Ptolemy, Evil-Merodach succeeded Nebuchadnezzar, reigned two years, and was slain by his brother-in-law Neri-Glissar, who reigned four years; his son, Laborosoarchod, reigned nine months, though quite a child, and was slain by Nabonadius, supposed to be Belshazzar, a grandson of Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned seventeen Later, some states were united together into numerous Sumerian territories. Whether Ninus is a fabulous creation or not, monarchs as mighty as the eagle-headed worshipper of Nisroch his god, swayed the scepter for ages over a flourishing and highly civilized people. [7] Flavius Josephus believed that it was likely under his direction that the building of Babel and its tower began; in addition to Josephus, this is also the view found in the Talmud (Chullin 89a, Pesahim 94b, Erubin 53a, Avodah Zarah 53b), and later midrash such as Genesis Rabba. Several of these early Judaic sources also assert that the king Amraphel, who wars with Abraham later in Genesis, is none other than Nimrod himself. See also Strabo, lib. [Abraham] said to him: And shall we worship the human, who withstands the wind? From the fourth verse of chapter 2 (Daniel 2:4) we learn that they spoke the Aramaic dialect, which the Alexandrine Version, as well as Theodotion's, denominates the Syriac. One thing Nebuchadnezzar isn't generally known for, though, is a link with the tower of Babelthe attempt by Nimrod to build a tower up to heaven, dashed by God's confounding of the languages (Genesis 11). 4 After returning from Ecbatana, the capital of Media, the conqueror celebrated a banquet at Nineveh which lasted one hundred and twenty days. Said [Nimrod] to him: You pile words upon words, I bow to none but the firein it shall I throw you, and let the God to whom you bow come and save you from it! [47] Nibru, in the Sumerian language, was the original name of the city of Nippur. But Babylon did not disappear. Later influence modified the legend in the Mesopotamian tradition, adding such details as the hero's name, his territory and some of his deeds, and most important his title, "King of Kish". A small handful of artifacts, however, help show an interesting link between Nebuchadnezzar and the biblical colossus. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. It has only recently been restudied, and the conclusions have led to great excitement in the scientific community, along with a corresponding video production by the Smithsonian Channel reexamining the authenticity of the Tower of Babel story. The Hebrew text states that he was a mighty hunter before the Lord. [citation needed] Some Jewish traditions also identified him with Cyrus, whose birth according to Herodotus was accompanied by portents, which made his grandfather try to kill him. Whether we adopt the view of Bishop Lowth or not, that Ninus lived in the time of the Judges, 1 we may correctly assume that some successful conqueror enlarged and beautified Babylon, five hundred years before the Chaldean era of Nabonassar, 747 A.C. Whatever the source of this wealth, whether derived from the spoils of conquered nations, according to Montesquieu, or from intercourse with India through Egypt, according to Bruce, 2 the lately discovered remains imply a very high style of art at a very remote period in the history of Assyria. Thus, according to Diodorus Siculus, Belesys was the chief president of the priests, "whom the Babylonians call Chaldeans," 15 and governor of Babylon. In the Recognitions (R 4.29), one version of the Clementines, Nimrod is equated with the legendary Assyrian king Ninus, who first appears in the Greek historian Ctesias as the founder of Nineveh. In treating this question, we should always allow for the length of time which elapsed between the original outbreak of those hordes from their native hills; and their conquest of Babylon under Nebuchadnezzar. The views of Hengstenberg are usually so correct, that the student may generally adopt them at once as his own. To understand aright the history of these times, we must take a cursory glance at the period both preceding and following that of the great Chaldean chieftain. In the New Monthly Magazine for August and September 1845, there are two articles very full of illustration of our subject, by W. F. Ainsworth, entitled, The Rivers and Cities of Babylonia. You can read about them in our article The Tower of Babel: Just a Bible Story?, The Babylonian kings account of the biblical colossus, The Schyen Collection MS 2063, Oslo and London, Smithsonian Channel/Christian News Network. His "kingdom" comprised Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Sinar, otherwise known as the land of Nimrod (Gen. x. Bricks were found around the site, having been stamped with the name of the king. 1 p. 314. ff. At the Battle of Carchemish in 605 BC, Nebuchadnezzar inflicted a crushing defeat on an Egyptian army led by Pharaoh Necho II, and ensured that the Neo-Babylonian Empire would succeed the Neo-Assyrian Empire as the dominant power in the ancient Near East. Dyn., p. 604. But Nebuchadnezzars own cylinder inscriptions affirm that his tower was built as an attempt to complete the most ancient [and unfinished] monument in Babylon. Credited with the destruction of the temple of Solomon in 586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar II was also responsible for sending the Jews into exile, according to the Bible. 13 The testimony of Cicero is precisely similar. As the Medes revolted first, so the Chaldeans rebelled afterwards, according to the usual law of separation from the parent stock, when the tribe or race grows strong enough to establish its independence. 2 Travels, Book 2 chapter 1. Surely a significant linguistic event must have happened in order for Borsippa to receive its unique name? He called upon Sasan the weaver and commanded him to make him a crown like it, which he set jewels on and wore. According to chapter. [23] Ibrahim refutes him by stating that Allah brings the Sun up from the East, and so he asks the king to bring it from the West. Nebuchadnezzar II, also spelled Nebuchadrezzar II, (born c. 630died c. 561 bce), second and greatest king of the Chaldean dynasty of Babylonia (reigned c. 605-c. 561 bce). George Rawlinson believed Nimrod was Belus, based on the fact Babylonian and Assyrian inscriptions bear the names Bel-Nibru. Some accounts have a gnat or mosquito enter Nimrod's brain and drive him out of his mind (a divine retribution which Jewish tradition also assigned to the Roman Emperor Titus, destroyer of the Temple in Jerusalem). Since the city of Akkad was destroyed and lost with the destruction of its Empire in the period 22002154 BC (long chronology), the much later biblical stories mentioning Nimrod seem to recall the late Early Bronze Age. Nebuchadnezzar was a powerful king of Babylon who reigned from about 605 BC until around 562 BC.As a conqueror of Jerusalem and an architect of Jewish captiv. What the Bible says about Nimrod, Semiramis and Tammuz Cuneiform cylinder with inscription of Nebuchadnezzar II, describing The three are preserved from harm and the king sees four men walking in the flames, "the fourth . Borsippa today lies in ruins; however, the imposing remains of the ziggurat still tower to a height of 52 meters above the plain. 26. Prophet after prophet recognizes its surpassing opulence, its commercial greatness, and its deep criminality. The Bible develops a very prominent and notorious character named Nimrod. of Arabia, volume 1 p. 54, and volume 2 p. 210. Nimrod (/nmrd/;[1] Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}, Modern:Nmrd, Tiberian:Nmr; Imperial Aramaic: ; Arabic: , romanized:Numrd) is a biblical figure mentioned in the Book of Genesis and Books of Chronicles. [43] Grabbe and others have rejected the book's arguments as based on a flawed understanding of the texts,[43][44] but variations of them are accepted among some groups of evangelical Protestants.[43][44]. Nimrod is thus given attributes of two archetypal cruel and persecuting kings Nebuchadnezzar and Pharaoh. His Successors. [25] Nimrod is also mentioned in one of the earliest writings of the Bb (the herald of the Bah Faith). In rabbinical writings up to the present, he is almost invariably referred to as "Nimrod the Evil" (Hebrew: ). -- According to the Canon of Ptolemy, Evil-Merodach succeeded Nebuchadnezzar, reigned two years, and was slain by his brother-in-law Neri-Glissar, who reigned four years; his son, Laborosoarchod, reigned nine months, though quite a child, and was slain by Nabonadius, supposed to be Belshazzar, a grandson of Nebuchadnezzar, who . -- According to the Canon of Ptolemy, Evil-Merodach succeeded Nebuchadnezzar, reigned two years, and was slain by his brother-in-law Neri-Glissar, who reigned four years; his son, Laborosoarchod, reigned nine months, though quite a child, and was slain by Nabonadius, supposed to be Belshazzar, a grandson of Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned seventeen years. This hollow clay cylinder is inscribed with cuneiform and records the achievements of Nebuchadnezzar II, the king of Babylon. : , , ? From such a beginning, it is likely that Nimrod began to rule, and to force others to submit. These stories are found among the worlds most far-reaching, diverse cultures. [32][33][34], According to Mujahid ibn Jabr, "Four people gained control over the Earth, east and west, two believers and two disbelievers. In process of time, other kings arose and passed away, till in the thirty-first year of Manasseh, Esarhaddon died, after reigning thirteen years over Assyria and Babylon united. However, Abraham's mother escapes into the fields and gives birth secretly. [citation needed]. It is the critics who are almost monthly forced to move their goalpostsnot the Hebrew Bible, which has remained unchanged for well over 2,000 years. Nimrod himself bore the DNA of the "giants," the "mighty ones" who descended from the Nephilim (Genesis 6:4). [citation needed], In some versions, Nimrod then challenges Abraham to battle. As translated above, Nebuchadnezzar literally calls this monument the Tower of Babylon. Their religion and their language are also of importance. Nimrod's party then defeated the Japhethites to assume universal rulership. ", "Surat Al-Baqarah [2:258] - The Noble Qur'an - ", "Ibn Kathir: Story of Prophet Ibrahim/Abraham (pbuh)", "Sammu-Ramat and Semiramis: The Inspiration and the Myth", "Enmerkar and the lord of Aratta: translation", Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nimrod&oldid=1140003548, Articles with incomplete citations from March 2017, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles needing additional references from September 2021, All articles needing additional references, Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback via Module:Annotated link, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In the Monster Hunter International series by, Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo. From the Cyropaedia (Book 7:24) we ascertain that the Syriac was the ordinary language of Babylon. Early in the Book of Genesis we read of Nimrod, the grandson of Ham, as the founder of an extensive monarchy in the land of Shinar. was a time of great change in Mesopotamia. In still other versions, Nimrod does not give up after the Tower fails, but goes on to try storming Heaven in person, in a chariot driven by birds. More recently, Yigal Levin (2002) suggests that the fictional Nimrod was a recollection of Sargon of Akkad and also of his grandson Naram-Sin, with the name "Nimrod" derived from the latter. . Pictured above are mudbrick ruins of Nebuchadnezzar's city along with ancient wall lines and canals in modern day Iraq. These also were overcome by Semites who instituted the Old Babylonian Empire, which thrived in the time of the later kings. There was a historical Assyrian queen Shammuramat in the 9th century BC, in reality the wife of Shamshi-Adad V, whom Assyriologists have identified with Semiramis, while others make her a later namesake of a much earlier (again, historically unattested) Semiramis. Nimrod was a very significant man in ancient times, the grandson of Ham and great-grandson of Noah. -- The original language of this people is a point of great interest to the biblical critic. The Tower of Babel, King Nebuchadnezzar II and the Schyen Collection ( ", ), () He [Abraham] was given over to Nimrod. [16] Both the Huns' and Magyars' historically attested skill with the recurve bow and arrow are attributed to Nimrd. Other versions have Nimrod give to Abraham, as a conciliatory gift, the giant slave Eliezer, whom some accounts describe as Nimrod's own son (the Bible also mentions Eliezer as Abraham's majordomo, though not making any connection between him and Nimrod). "[29] Abraham says, "My Lord is He Who gives life and causes death." 5 He died A.C. 695. 15 p. 687. 2:48, the president of this caste was also a prince of the province of Babylon. 7 Facts You Didn't Know about Nimrod in the Bible - Crosswalk Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd - Bible Nimrod therefore orders the killing of all newborn babies. Two Men from Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar, Trump, and - ChristianHeadlines An., lib. The association with Erech (Babylonian Uruk), a city that lost its prime importance around 2,000 BCE as a result of struggles between Isin, Larsa and Elam, also attests the early provenance of the stories of Nimrod. To Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one anothers speech. The expressions of Scripture give us exalted ideas of its size and splendor, while they assign its wickedness as a reason for the complete destruction by which it was annihilated. The Birs Cylinders are a series of clay cylinders dating to c. 600 b.c.e., discovered by Sir Henry Rawlinson during the mid-19th century at the Babylonian site of Borsippa. : , , ? Ed., 1848. To determine the question which was raised in our last Dissertation, we must investigate the origin of the Chaldeans, as it was the tribe whence Nebuchadnezzar sprung. There it is said that Nimrod "dreamed a dream" which his soothsayers interpreted as signifying the birth of a new star in heaven. inscriptions are not even the earliest archaeological record we have of a tower of Babelconfusion of languages story. He was allegedly the first king to wear a crown. Since then, it has been kept as part of the private Norwegian Schyen Collection. : , - , ! Did Nimrod or Nebuchadnezzar build the Tower of Babel? (2023) "in the face of Yahweh") as signifying "in opposition to the Lord"; a similar interpretation is found in Pseudo-Philo, as well as later in Symmachus. There is no back. Its temples and its palaces had become so encrusted in the soil during eight centuries of men, that Strabo knows it only as a waste, and Tacitus treats it as a Castellum; and in the thirteenth century of our era, Abulfaragius confirms the prophecy of Nahum and the narrative of Tacitus, by recording nothing but the existence of a small fortification on the eastern bank of the Tigris. Nimrod, Nebuchadnezzar & The Goddess Connection 14,225 views Premiered Jun 29, 2021 Originally Streamed live on Feb 13, 2021 Light of Yah series on Midnight Ride: MR: Nebuchadnezzar (King of. It is the critics who are almost monthly forced to move their goalpostsnot the Hebrew Bible, which has remained unchanged for well over 2,000 years. In David Rohl's theory, Enmerkar, the Sumerian founder of Uruk, was the original inspiration for Nimrod, because the story of Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta[45] bears a few similarities to the legend of Nimrod and the Tower of Babel, and because the -KAR in Enmerkar means "hunter". Borsippa is also commonly known as Birs Nimrud, due to the strong traditional connection with Nimrod. the sun god, and Anaita, the goddess of fertilitysimilar to Nimrod/Tammuz and Semiramis, the old Babylonian Mystery Religiongrew in popularity until . This was an imposing tower: Archaeological excavations, as well as a third century b.c.e. It was built of burnt brick, cemented together with mortar, made of bitumen, that it might not be liable to admit water. [53] However, it is in fact Daffy Duck who refers to Fudd as "my little Nimrod" in the 1948 short "What Makes Daffy Duck",[54] although Bugs Bunny does refer to Yosemite Sam as "the little Nimrod" in the 1951 short "Rabbit Every Monday". Such an event would result in some form of a tower of Babelconfusion of languages story being carried by separate cultures all over the world. What the Bible says about Nimrod - Bible Tools (Babylon is interchangeable with Babel.) The Book of Judith informs us of an important engagement at Ragau between this Assyrian king and Arphaxad the king of the Medes. 2. Nebuchadnezzar II Timeline - World History Encyclopedia It was in this area that Nimrod was born, and would eventually depart from to establish the following important "Middle Eastern" Biblical cities (Genesis 10:10):. 8 Vaux quotes Dicaearchus, a Greek historian of the time of Alexander the Great, as alluding to a certain Chaldean, a king of Assyria, who is supposed to have built Babylon; and in later times, Chaldea implied the whole of Mesopotamia around Babylon, which had also the name of Shiner. The mid-third millennium B.C.E. He argues that: The biblical Nimrod, then, is not a total counterpart of any one historical character. king nimrod body found ), describes the building of a tower, a deity confounding languages, and a prescribed incantation to cause the language of the people to become as one! Nimrod is thus given attributes of two archetypal cruel and persecuting kings - Nebuchadnezzar and Pharaoh. The commentaries on this Surah offer a wide variety of embellishments of this narrative, one of which by Ibn Kathir, a 14th-century scholar, adding that Nimrod showed his rule over life and death by killing a prisoner and freeing another. Their Language. Nebuchadnezzar and Babel: Wrong place, wrong time, wrong king Nimrod was reincarnated into Nebuchadnezzar | Ohr Makif Nebuchadnezzar's armies destroy the Phoenician settlement at Tel Kabri. The main god of the Babylonians was Marduk, who, since the time of the First Dynasty, more than a 1000 years earlier, had generally been named Bl. In others, he proclaims himself a god and is worshipped as such by his subjects, sometimes with his consort Semiramis worshipped as a goddess at his side. George Syncellus (c. 800) also had access to Berossus, and he too identified the also historically unattested Euechoios with the biblical Nimrod. The testimony of profane antiquity to the truth and historical accuracy of Daniel may be found in a convenient form in Kitto's Bibli. So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. Their devotion to philosophy and their practice of astronomy gained them great credit with the powerful, which they turned to account by professing to predict the future and to interpret the visions of the imaginative and the distressed. Nebuchadnezzar II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts And, if indeed more accurate, it provides an even stronger link to the language phenomenon at the tower of Babel, stating that sometime during this original building project the people had abandoned it without order expressing their words. Was this, then, the reason that the tower was named Borsippabecause a great Babel of unordered words led to the abandonment of the project? Nimrod started his kingdom at Babylon ( Genesis 10:10 ). Some stories bring them both together in a cataclysmic collision, seen as a symbol of the confrontation between Good and Evil, or as a symbol of monotheism against polytheism. Nimrod the "mighty hunter" was the first meat eater! [9] Several Mesopotamian ruins were given Nimrod's name by 8th-century AD Muslim Arabs, including the ruins of the Assyrian city of Kalhu (the biblical Calah), which was in reality built by Shalmaneser I (12741244 BC)[4], A number of attempts to connect him with historical figures have been made without any success.
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