d. A joint that exhibits adduction and extension is uniaxial. B pivot c. the muscle At a plane joint (gliding joint), the articulating surfaces of the bones are flat or slightly curved and of approximately the same size, which allows the bones to slide against each other (see Figure 9.4.3d). b. What are the possible values for m\mathbf{m}_{\ell}m for C PTH increases the absorption of calcium by the small intestine The act of increasing the angle between bones is ____________________. D protein, vitamin C, and calcium, The hormones that regulate the amount of calcium in the bones and the blood are: D ribs/sternum, Which statement is NOT true of the shoulder and hip joints? The tibiofemoral joint is an articulation between the tibia and the femur, while the patellofemoral joint is an . a. D radius and ulna, The part of a synovial joint that encloses the joint in a strong sheath is the: C calcium can no longer be taken in by osteocytes in these areas B symphysis/discs of cartilage D they make the skull heavier in weight, Which of these organs is NOT protected by the rib cage? A synovial membrane (or synovium) is the soft tissue found between the articular capsule (joint capsule) and the joint cavity of synovial joints. Assume that the Porsche accelerates uniformly from 80.5km/h(50mi/h)80.5 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}(50 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h})80.5km/h(50mi/h) at t=0t=0t=0 to 113km/h(70mi/h)113 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}(70 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h})113km/h(70mi/h) at t=9st=9 \mathrm{~s}t=9s. Which graph in Figure 2-28 best describes the motion of the car? a. nonaxial Based on the shape of the articulating bone surfaces and the types of movement allowed, synovial joints are classified into six types. b. adductor Knee joint (Articulatio genu) The knee joint is a synovial joint that connects three bones; the femur, tibia and patella. a. biaxial joint; permits movement in one plane and around one axis A. medial joint B. tibiofemoral joint C. femoropatellar joint D. lateral joint E . These are found at the articulation between the C1 (atlas) and the dens of the C2 (axis) vertebrae, which provides the side-to-side rotation of the head, or at the proximal radioulnar joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna, which allows for rotation of the radius during forearm movements. Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the . Moving your head in the direction to say no is an example of head ____. D elastic connective tissue, In the embryo, the bones of the arms and legs are first made of: 2 The following is a list of joints' structural classifications. c. generally less stable than arm joints. A fibrous connective tissue b. Synovitis Synovial joints, such as the hip and knee, have a sheath of tissue known as a joint capsule that contains a synovium. d. another name for an iliotibial tract, The striations of a skeletal muscle cell are produced, for the most part by: True or False: The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity. b. The main function of the synovial joint is to provide. c. extension Paralysis, because all ACh must be bound to a receptor for contraction to occur C 8, 2, 2 A sternum/clavicles c. amphiarthroses This movement of the first carpometacarpal joint is what gives humans their distinctive opposable thumbs. c. tendon sheaths During the fracture healing process, the hematoma:a.is broken down and absorbed immediately. d. hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint, d. hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint, A joint held together by fibrocartilage would be classified as a __________ joint. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint that is not seen at fibrous or cartilaginous joints is the presence of a joint cavity. C & 1023 & & \\ Groups of muscle fibers b. attach tendons a. one Z line to the next Z line Diarthroses are freely movable articulations. a. atrophy (a) Fill in this table to follow the states of the gas: T(K)P(kPa)V(cm3)A293100500BC1023D\begin{array}{lccc} a. synovial b. Endomysium A the primary center of ossification in the diaphysis Based on your knowledge of how muscle contraction occurs, what key symptoms would you expect to see and why? a. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons. a. flexor Pushing the foot down at the ankle joint is known as ____________________ flexion. It is a connective tissue sac that surrounds a muscle tendon at places where the tendon crosses a joint. C cartilage discs separate adjacent vertebrae This is called an articular disc, which is generally small and oval-shaped, or a meniscus, which is larger and C-shaped. Intra-articular facet joint injection performed with synovial cyst aspiration is considered medically reasonable and necessary when BOTH of the following criteria are met: Advanced diagnostic imaging study (e.g., MRI/CT/myelogram) confirm compression or displacement of the corresponding nerve root by a facet joint synovial cyst; AND This causes the myofilaments to shorten, which pulls the Z disks closer together to shorten the sarcomere and the entire muscle. True or False: The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements. The elbow joint. A subcutaneous bursa is located between the skin and an underlying bone. There are three types of joints in the body. A synarthrosis, which is an immobile joint, serves to strongly connect bones thus protecting internal organs such as the heart or brain. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223; Tbl. A red bone marrow is found in flat bones a. circumduction a. articular cartilage at bone ends is replaced with hyaline cartilage a. Perimysium d. The size of the muscle fiber, c. The length of the muscle fiber before the contraction begins, If impulses reach a muscle fiber so rapidly that fibers don't have a chance to relax completely before the next impluse arrives, what condition will occur? A mandible and maxilla 2 A. c. The bone moves away from the body This causes calcium ions to be pumped into the T tubules. a. amphiarthroses, synarthroses b. This fluid-filled space is the site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. However, ball-and-socket joints allow for large movements, while the motions between bones at a plane joint are small. a. produce red blood cells. These factors put stress on the articular cartilage that covers the surfaces of bones at synovial joints, causing the cartilage to gradually become thinner. c. one A band to the next A band d. Synchondroses, Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint? Indirect joint support is provided by the muscles and their tendons that act across a joint. a. wrist; saddle Bones are connected exclusively by ligaments. c. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. However, unlike at a cartilaginous joint, the articular cartilages of each bone are not continuous with each other. B) Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________. c. fibrous capsule c. They contain myofilaments necessary for muscle contraction In a hinge joint, the convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of the adjoining bone (see Figure 9.4.3b). All synovial joints allow for movement and are susceptible to arthritis. d. Periosteum. b. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Another example is the radiocarpal joint of the wrist, between the shallow depression at the distal end of the radius bone and the rounded scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum carpal bones. The sternoclavicular joint is also classified as a saddle joint. Friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by the presence of the articular cartilage, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone. A proteins that become part of bone Thus, the thumb can move within the same plane as the palm of the hand, or it can jut out anteriorly, perpendicular to the palm. b. Gomphoses Which of the following joints would allow no movement? A temporal It is known as voluntary muscle C both A and B Freely movable (synovial) joints are most abundant and include six types: pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and-socket joints. C compact bone in flat and irregular bones c. pronation and supination The most commonly involved joints are the hands, feet, and cervical spine, with corresponding joints on both sides of the body usually affected, though not always to the same extent. D growth hormone, The phrase "closure of the epiphyseal discs" means that: a. 96) Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint? a. b. interphalangeal; plane . ABBCCDDAABCDAQWEint. However arthroplasty can provide relief from chronic pain and can enhance mobility within a few months following the surgery. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid? b. joints that permit angular movements Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements? gomphosis Sutures bony edges interlocked by short fibers Syndesmoses bones connected exclusively by ligaments Gomphoses "peg-in-socket" fibrous joints Synchondroses bones united by a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage Symphyses bones united mainly by fibrocartilage a. fibrous D bones/digestion, Which statement is NOT true of PTH and calcitonin? The second movement is a side-to-side movement, which allows you to spread your fingers apart and bring them together, or to move your hand in a medial or lateral direction. Anomalies of fatty acid (FA) metabolism characterize osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the knee joint. D. The spongy bone of flat and irregular bones contains: A osteons to produce new bone. This type of surgery involves replacing the articular surfaces of the bones with prosthesis (artificial components). Because of the disconnected nature of synovial joints, the bones do not actually touch. d. hinge. The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. b. fibrocartilage At the beginning A of the compression process, 500cm3500 \mathrm{cm}^{3}500cm3 of gas is at 100 kPa and 20.0C.20.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}.20.0C. For severe cases, joint replacement surgery (arthroplasty) may be required. 1. a. diarthrotic A) the intima has the richest blood supply B) villi or folds of synovial membrane are often found projecting into the joint space C) there are variable numbers of adipocytes in the subintima D) the fibrous layer is well innervated E) thicker This problem has been solved! C both A and B The actin heads propel the myosin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere; this pulls the Z disks closer together, which shortens the sarcomere and the entire muscle True or False: The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of that joint. d. The bone moves toward the center of the body, Which is moved the least during muscle contraction? a. patellar ligaments c. gouty arthritis D all RBCs are produced by red bone marrow, The fontanels in an infant's skull are made of: d. provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints, d. provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints, Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. An example of a pivot joint is the atlantoaxial joint, found between the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) vertebrae. c. a long band of collagen fibers that connect the hip to the knee Synovial joints are strengthened by the presence of ligaments, which hold the bones together and resist excessive or abnormal movements of the joint. (c)(c)(c) the fact that island species tend to most closely resemble species found on the nearest mainland A smell D PTH, Thyroxine contributes to the growth of bones by: These structures can serve several functions, depending on the specific joint. Cartilaginous joints 3. Ball-and-socket joints, in which the rounded head of a bone fits into a large depression or socket, are found at the shoulder and hip joints. B atlas and axis C calcium, phosphorus, and protein I, II and III Locomotion and Movement Zoology Practice questions, MCQs, Past Year Questions . d. basidium. d. An impluse tiggers the release of acetylcholine (ACh). d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage, d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage, Tendon sheaths ________. d. attach to each other in their midportions, The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________. b. RA is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder. Not all choices will be used. They provide a wide range of motion and flexibility. c. If a joint can exhibit extension, abduction, and rotation, then it is triaxial. b. synovial membranes They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. a. The bone tissue underlying the damaged articular cartilage also responds by thickening, producing irregularities and causing the articulating surface of the bone to become rough or bumpy. d. Periosteum, What are fascicles? b. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum B frontal c. Epimysium c. interphalangeal (toes) Arthritis is a common disorder of synovial joints that involves inflammation of the joint. a. c. the sarcoplasmic reticulum C vitamin D- becomes part of bone matrix The articular cartilage has no nerve supply. d. the "cocked" position of the heads of the thick filaments, A muscle twitch differs from a tetanic cpntraction in that: Primary cartilaginous joints: These cartilaginous joints are composed entirely of . a. the muscle twitch only occurs in small muscles, while tetanic contraction is large muscle groups B the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae D pivot joints are synovial joints, The regulation of the calcium content of adult bones is a function of the: 8. Inflammation occurs in the joint, and the fluid that accumulates causes swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain. A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull (cranial bones+facial bones). Which of the following is not a true synovial joint? b. Bursae serve as cushioning fat pads between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths reduce friction between adjacent structures. d. synovial joints. Other hinge joints of the body include the knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints between the phalanges of the fingers and toes. The angle between bones is decreased True or False: A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint. The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint. As forces acting on a joint increase, the body will automatically increase the overall strength of contraction of the muscles crossing that joint, thus allowing the muscle and its tendon to serve as a dynamic ligament to resist forces and support the joint. A coracoids process A submuscular bursa is found between a muscle and an underlying bone, or between adjacent muscles. They are characterized by the presence of a joint cavity, inside which articular surfaces of the bones move against one another. So here's like a shoulder, and then this is gonna be the synovial fluid in between the joint. d. In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present. C it is not made of osteons and is found in the diaphysis of a long bone. C PTH and GH How does muscle attach to muscle? At a saddle joint, both of the articulating surfaces for the bones have a saddle shape, which is concave in one direction and convex in the other (see Figure 9.4.3c).
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